Later medieval visual stress muddied liturgical piety as much as electronic-field pressure has clarified it today. * One massive area to which scholars have turned recently is that of history of Christian liturgy. In an article on “Liturgy and Spiritual Personalism” in Worship (October, 1960, p. 494) Thomas Merton points out: Liturgy is, in the original and classical sense of the word, a political activity. Leitourgeia was “a public work”, a contribution made by a free citizen of the polis . As such, it was distinct from the economic activity or the private and more material concern of making a living and managing the productive enterprises of the “household”.. . . Private life was properly the realm of those who were not fully “persons”, like women, children and slaves, whose